Given the amount of dust in/around the compressor, I'm wondering if that side sucked a bunch of dirt? What did the back of the filter look like? Did it ever get filters serviced? The piston rings look quite chewed up. All that is included with a the service part compressor assembly but if the opposite side is also full of dust, it's likely half out the door too. The filters do need to be occasionally cleaned, particularly if they are in a stuffy place like under a seat.
I'd start with whomever the compressor came from, they may have the ability to get you taken care of on a customer satisfaction warranty if it's only a handful of years old.